Berlin (1 700 000), empire capital, is the main place of manufacturing of cars

Berlin (1 700 000), empire capital, is the main place of manufacturing of cars. It is a lot of years Franc [110] 'a fort on the core' enjoyed advantage
From this, to be near to London the greatest monetary market in the world; but since establishment of German Empire financial business of Frankfurt has been absorbed by Berlin. Leipzig (400 000) has a distinction of to be a place of trade of book publishing which appears more than 60 000 000 volumes in a year, making in value 30 000 000$. Leipzig has also an honour of to be the greatest market of fur in the world. Dantzig (120 000) is the main port of Germany to Baltic, and the main place of its big export trade in wood, grain, flax, hashish, and a potato. Its harbour, however, is closed in the winter because of ice. Dresden (330 000) is noted for its manufacturing of porcelain, but porcelain is not made basically in Dresden, but in Meissen, fifteen miles from Dresden. Munich (407 000) manufacturings substantially a national drink, beer. At last, Nuremberg (162 000), in southern Germany, is remarkable for its duration in modern days within many centuries, has proceeded in the country. From them the most noted - hours, hours, pencils, and toys.
[111]
IV. TRADE FEATURES OF SPAIN AND ITALY
ITALY, THE TURKEY, AND SPAIN, THREE DECADENT NATIONS OF EUROPE

Brazil - much more the big and more densely populated country than Argentina

Brazil - much more the big and more densely populated country than Argentina. Its area (3 209 878 square miles) is such size, as area of all United States, smaller quantity of half of Alaska. The most part of this area has extremely tropical riches of manufacture. But, unfortunately, the most fertile parts of Brazil - parts, the least suitable for settlement white. The population last census - approximately 14 500 000, but is less than 4 000 000 of this population - pure white. Negroes who were recently slavish number more than 2 000 000, and there as it is supposed, are approximately 1 000 000 Hindus. An intermediate link between Hindus and Negroes and the white population - the numerous mixed races or hybrids. The agriculture [185] main industry, but is two kinds: tropical agriculture
From the central and southern central coast which is continued mainly by work of the Negro and the mulatto, and agriculture of moderate area of the extreme south which is continued mainly by colonists from Europe, the recent European emigration almost completely directed to that area. All interior of Brazil still remains unresolved and untilled. The crop of coffee of Brazil is huge and is the basic product. Manufacture makes 8 000 000 bags or more than 1 000 000 000 pounds annually which is more than two thirds of total sum of the coffee used in the world. The Labour party for coffee is insufficient also road, and in earlier stages of manufacture of a berry awfully consider the Brazilian coffee. But cars are used everywhere where probably, and in later stages of manufacture the Brazilian coffee receives the best attention which can develop skill. As consequence the product of coffee of Brazil raises on an estimation of users of coffee. Bushes are grown up under palm trees to hold them from an intensive heat of the sun. In a year three or four crops of berries are received. Rio Janeiro and Santos - two main centres of the industry of coffee. Near to coffee the main tropical product - the sugar, which export makes approximately 250 000 tons annually, mainly of Pernambuco. Other products of tropical area of Brazil - cocoa and a clap, from cultural areas of coast, and rubber and the Brazilian nuts, from dense woods of lower Amazon; also dyewoods and office woods, drugs, and diamonds. Brazil is a lot of years was celebrated for its received of diamonds basically from a city in an interior by name of Diamantina. Existing diamond manufacture is not big. From moderate agricultural area of the southern, dried up beef, disappears, and oil - the main export. The greatest client of the Brazilian makes, the Incorporated [186] states, which beret value for 70 000 000$. The Great Britain is following, with
Value for 35 000 000$ (in one only rubber in 15 000 000 1896$). Brazil receives its goods mainly from the Great Britain, the United States, France, and Germany - from the Great Britain 20 000 000$, from the United States 13 000 000$. Import includes almost all articles necessary for internal and industrial claps wood is more whole especially and woollens, the hardware goods, cars, the flour, rice, has dried up meat, kerosene, oil, and fish. Is, however, 155 cotton factories established in Brazil, with the capital to value 50 000 000$, and cotton manufacture is protected by very heavy duties. But agricultural cars and such as manufacturing are very slightly imposed by the tax. The basic food of people - a flour ().
JANEIRO

The following is given as a little from advantages which corporations and joint-stock companies on

The union of the capital without active military service of investors
The following is given as a little from advantages which corporations and joint-stock companies on associations are required:
The union of the capital without active military service of investors.
The best services to borrow. It is the general thing for association which will be changed to the joint-stock company in the special purpose to lift money by a problem of bonds or a stock.
The limited agency of directors. The partner can promise and sell the association property, can buy the goods because of association, can borrow money and contract debts on the name and on the association account. Directors of joint-stock company should operate according to conditions of decisions of bodies of local authorities of the company.
Continuous existence of the company.
New shareholders suppose easier than new partners.
The retiring partner is still responsible for existing debts. The shareholder can leave absolutely, selling its stock and having it is legally transferred.
[228]
IV. LOAN AND THE LOAN OF MONEY [10]
THE MONETARY MARKET

France by the nature - one of most very exclusive countries in the world

France by the nature - one of most very exclusive countries in the world. Its climate is affable. Its temperature is so various, that almost each vegetable, grain or the fruit necessary for a daily bread of the person, can be lifted within its borders. Its soil though not surprisingly fertile, nevertheless crops many such products as approach for this purpose. Its minerals, especially in coal, gland, leadership, marble, and salt, are very considerable. Its area is compact. Its services for foreign trade are unsurpassed. It is between these two weights of water - Atlantic and the Mediterranean - the biggest trading value in the world. And its people, especially those in rural parts, are exclusively modest and hardworking. But France as the nation has not made progresses in the world for which call its natural advantages. It was with expensive both changeable governments and bloody wars. Its higher estates, natural leaders of its people, excessively love pleasure and military glory, and to energy of the nation have been very incorrectly directed. As consequence, despite its natural advantages, France loses the basis [95] among the world nations. Its public debt makes almost 7,000,000,000$, the greatest public debt
Known in history, being per capita seventeen and one half of times, so big as that from Germany, six times bigger than those from the United States, and is much more than one and one half of times so big as that from the Great Britain. But, that more serious consequence has, survivability of its people seems exhausted. For many years the annual number of births in France while the annual number of deadly cases more or less increased steadily decreased. On the most part of the country the number of deadly cases annually exceeds number of births. In numerous years it so for the whole country. The birth rate factor is the lowest in Europe. A death rate indicator, while not the highest, nevertheless above than in many other things the countries. As consequence of all that the population of France is almost constant. Within last seventy years it has increased only 18 percent. While that from the Great Britain has increased 63 percent., Germany of 75 percent., Russia of 92 percent. And Europe as a whole 62 percent. And even this increase, small as it, occurs substantially because of immigration from other countries. And thus emigration of Frenchmen not to their colonies or to other countries which will be are considered a sufficient explanation. Frenchmen to emigration. Now the number of the Frenchmen living abroad, is only little bit more than a half-million while from the foreigners living in France, the number far does not require and a quarter one million.
France compared in size with States of Illinois and Texas.
[96]
FRENCHMEN ECONOMICAL, MODEST PEOPLE

Australia undoubtedly on the eve of the period of the big development

Australia undoubtedly on the eve of the period of the big development. Its resources, as is known, the huge. Its climate has been found by the most favorable concerning human health, and undesirable feature of a climate, and malfunctions of a downpour, have been studied and became understood and found . As soon as the confederation which is now in the course of formation [175], takes place, there is no doubt, that Australia will enter in new and
Succeeding commercial era. Owing to the fact, that its main possibilities of riches lay in development of its natural resources, it is probable, that during some time to arrive almost all goods of an industrial function which Australia requires, should be imported. Already its import makes 275 000 000$ which, of course, the Great Britain delivers the basic action. This import mainly dresses also materials for clothes, but it also includes hardware and cars, and actually all demanded by people very civilised and spending money, except grains and conditions. The size of this import can be comprehended from the fact, that it - is more than one third of full export of the United States within any year, save one to 1896, including our huge export of grains, conditions, and a clap. And besides export articles already the upom-wool, meat, disappears, skin, minerals, fruit, etc. There one other Australian resource which is capable to almost uncertain development. It is its wood. or a rubber tree some of its most general variants prevail almost universally in Australia, and, being and strong and insects, have almost incomparable value for shipbuilding, cross ties, and harbour and dock buildings. That Australians completely realise importance of development of their foreign trade, is noticed in efforts, which they have undertaken to provide services for this purpose, that they have brought their products to ocean ports. There are 11 980 miles of the railway, almost which each mile has been constructed by the governments. It is one mile of the railway for each 300 inhabitants, in comparison with one mile for each 400 inhabitants in the United States. These railways which operate completely to and from coast. There are no factory cities which will be . The Australian trade consists completely in [176]
Exchange of the natural products lifted by the house for imported . Equally remarkable with the enterprise of the railway of Australians their enterprise in cable building and establishment of cable communications. For example, the cable line of 2000 miles in length, on continent from Adelaide to Hold Darwin in a front rack, has been constructed by area of South Australia to connect to a cable from Port of Darwin to Java, Singapore, etc., and thus with Europe and America. At least for 1500 miles this cable line runs one of the most deserted and inaccessible areas in the world.
[177]
XI. TRADING FEATURES OF THE SOUTH AMERICA
THE SOUTH AMERICA, FERTILE CONTINENT WITH LACKS

Guaranteed Stock

Guaranteed Stock. The guaranteed stock differs from preference shares in it is that it is called on the guaranteed dividend (interest) before all other classes of a stock, whether the company earns necessary quantity in any year or not. This right is transferred from year to year, thus giving the actions absolutely provided to interest.

The note should be presented for payment to exact day of a maturity

The note should be presented for payment to exact day of a maturity. Notes have made subject to payment in bank, or in any other place, should be presented for payment in the named place. When no place is defined, the note subject to payment in a place of the manufacturer of business or in its residence.

In an estimation of value of the paper offered for the discount it is necessary to consider

Full own capital of the borrower
In an estimation of value of the paper offered for the discount it is necessary to consider following points:
Full own capital of the borrower.
Character of its business; whether it is speculative or the basic.
The report of the borrower both standing in community and its business habits.
Whether it is in the enterprise abreast with modern ideas and methods.
Character of the goods belongs to the borrower. What would it sell by auction? The groceries and raw materials can usually turn to cash at compulsory sale with very small discount from the current prices. Not so with hardware, a glass, dry goods, boots and boots, books, etc. Cars and fastenings not a suitable active to the account to base the credit.

To foreign trade of Japan as this of China, agreement ports, 'from which nineteen are allow to be

To foreign trade of Japan as this of China, agreement ports, 'from which nineteen are allow to be continued only in the certain ports named', the head who is Yokohama, Osaka, Nagasaki, Hakodate, Niigata, and . Two basic cities, not agreement ports, are Tokio and Kioto. Tokio (1 300 000) is the capital and the main centre political, commercial, and literary activity of empire. In many respects Tokio - a 'modern' city. Its educational features are excellent. Its clearing also is good. Kioto (340 000) was before the capital, but after revolution 1868, it has been replaced in this respect Tokio. Yokohama (170 000), kept away from eighteen miles Tokio, is the main place of empire for foreign trade. Its foreign trade, really, is more than that half from the whole empire, being approximately 75 000 000$ annually. Osaka (487 000) concerning the population, the second city of empire, but its foreign trade is not big and is continued mainly in Hiogo, port about it. Niigata (50 000) is unique port of the agreement on a West side of Japan, a surf caused by a winter monsoon, doing flat western coast of the country very dangerous to shipment during half of year. Other important ports - (161 000) and Nagasaki (72 000). Nagoya (215 000) is the important internal city.
[157]
IX. TRADING FEATURES OF AFRICA
AFRICA FIFTEEN YEARS AGO

We have now on the market and bond stocks, representing all conceivable kinds of the property

We have now on the market and bond stocks, representing all conceivable kinds of the property. Not only that properties of many kinds are used to let out bonds on, but it is a lot of kinds of bonds, often are issued on the same property. Thus we find among our railways not only at first, secondly, and the third mortgages, but also bonds of the income, the dividend bond, convertible bonds, have united bonds, bonds of the repayment, the bond of renewal, the bond of fund the falls accompanying the bond, the equipment bond, etc., while they do not put also imposing in apparently infinite disorder.

Country natural resources - mainly mineral consumer goods and agricultural products that is [5]

Country natural resources - mainly mineral consumer goods and agricultural products that is [5] crops. Wood and fish are made in a
The country also among its natural resources. Positions and industries of cities are usually established by natural conditions, but the strongest agent - personal energy of initiative and persistent men which, by surpassing formation, either scientific knowledge, or a practical prediction, often were able to the found industrial centres in the situations, which any geographical considerations would not offer or would explain.

Calcutta (862 000) is capital of empire of India and the second city in British Empire

Calcutta (862 000) is capital of empire of India and the second city in British Empire. Though it is located on a hand of delta of Ganges, eighty miles in the country, Calcutta - huge seaport, but its seaworthy privileges can be supported only great machine-building factory, because of the silt, which Ganges constantly reduces and brings in aside exhausting channels. Calcutta possesses almost monopoly of the whole trade of valleys of Ganges and , and to a building of Suez canal, at it was almost monopoly of trade directed outside of the whole peninsula of Hindustan. Its full trade is even nevertheless very big, incorporating for and internal business directed outside together approximately 700 000 000$ in a year, the sum which can be appreciated from the fact, that it about equal to full trade in import of all United States. Bombay (822 000), the second city of the Indian Empire, owe the popularity to three things: (1) opening of Suez canal which has made it port of India the closest England; (2) start of the industry growing up a clap in India, owing to the American civil war (a growing up clap the area of India is adjacent with Bombay); and (3) development of railway system of India which does Bombay, instead of Calcutta a natural ocean exit for trade [138] country. Madras (453 000), the third city
India, also the third seaport. But it does not have any natural harbour, and its coast is broken by a surf and within many months together exposed full fury of northeast monsoons. The artificial harbour, however, has been recently constructed. Besides cities, aforementioned, there is one (Hyderabad) with the population more than 400 000; there are two (Lucknow and Benares) with the population more than 150 000 everyone, and eleven more with the population more than 100 000 everyone. There is besides forty seven cities with the population more than 50 000 everyone, and more than one thousand cities with the population approximately 10 000 everyone.
[139]
VII. TRADING FEATURES OF PORCELAIN
IMMENSITY OF AREA OF PORCELAIN AND THE POPULATION

But Manchester, absolutely internal city, forty miles which have been kept away from Liverpool, him

But Manchester, absolutely internal city, forty miles which have been kept away from Liverpool, him close port, have surpassed even Glasgow and Liverpool in its attempt to bring the sea at its own doors. It also has spent 100 000 000$ not, however, in distribution of quantity more than many years and as the case, appear, has demanded, but suddenly, in one at a time paid sum, in one huge enterprise. It has constructed the channel to where it is navigable, thirty five and one half of miles in length, and is deep enough and wide, so that weigh its extensive import of a clap, and all its extensive manufacturing of a clap and another [85] fabric
Fabrics and so still as can be desirable, can be entered from the sea or are taken to the sea in trading courts very much the greatest size now afloat. And it has made, it in the face of technical difficulties, and obstacles has lifted against it jealous competing interests which were almost insuperable.
SPECIALIZATION OF THE GREAT BRITAIN OF ITS INDUSTRIES IN THE CERTAIN CENTERS

Now it will cost B a considerable sum of money to send? 14 000 in gold to A, for all exchanges

Now it will cost B a considerable sum of money to send? 14 000 in gold to A, for all exchanges between Europe and America are subject to payment in gold. Assume, what S New York should T London? 14 000, and T involves S and takes the project to Surround with shaft B in London and offers it for sale. Offer Will B more or less than? 14 000 for the bill or the project? He will offer more. More cheaply for it will pay the award for the project than to send gold, as it can send this project to Operate bank, to pay its debts, and A can gather from S.

The total usually means rough or big

The total usually means rough or big. In trade it is used both concerning money and concerning the goods. The rough weight of a package includes weight of a case or [4] wrappers. The big sum of the account or declares that is, a sum of money before any grant, or conclusions are made - rough quantity
From the account. The word network is received from the Latin word meaning tidy, pure, present, and specifies quantity of the goods or money after all conclusions have been made. To tell, that the price is pure, means to specify, that no further discount will be made.

Other area of full value of commercial agency is in подвергании disappearing debtor and

Preparation of roguish refusal can aspire to open many new accounts
Other area of full value of commercial agency is in disappearing debtor and it where [262] abouts, and also the dishonest dealer who in
Preparation of roguish refusal can aspire to open many new accounts. Unusual requirements of messages, respecting the such lead to cautious research. Instead of the restrictive tendency the commercial agency advances credit expansion and still supposes appropriate conservatism. It opens to the dealer as the market for its goods each new and reliable account. It bridles the assumption, stimulates diligence in business, accustoms accuracy, and develops character. When we remember that existing annual domestic trade of our country is estimated approximately in 800 000 000 tons of the goods, bore average distance of 120 miles, and that this volume of trade costs more than 10 000 000 000$, we are compelled to recognise, that the unique system of these credit-information bureaus has made much to further and does possible this commercial prosperity.
[263]
IX. BONDS
THE UNITED STATES, THE STATE, AND MUNICIPAL BONDS

Fishery of Gulf С-Lawrence and the small waters adjoining on Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, has

Fishery of Gulf -Lawrence and the small waters adjoining on Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, has within many centuries, the most productive in the world. The Canadian fishing interest in these waters is very big. The cod, a mackerel, a haddock, a halibut, a herring, smelts, and a salmon, is the basic fish, and annual 'capture' makes approximately 15 000 000$. Value for approximately 2 500 000$ , trout of a salmon, a herring, pickerel, and a sturgeon is made annually from the Canadian lakes. Annually fishes of a salmon of the rivers and the big sea entrance apertures of British [191] Colombia cause 4 500 000$.
Approximately one half of full product is exported to the Great Britain and the United States.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS OF CANADA

The check - the project or the order concerning your bank, and it should be not necessarily written

The check - the project or the order concerning your bank, and it should be not necessarily written when due hereunder. Such order written on sheet of a post paper about [8] graphite pencil, could be each way legally good check.
Carefully delayed check.

The second big industry of the Great Britain - the woollen manufacturing

The second big industry of the Great Britain - the woollen manufacturing. This industry in England, mainly in West Yorkshire, area which also is supplied by coal as, is Southern Lancashire. Leeds (410 000) and (232 000) is two basic places of the industry, but Huddersfield and Halifax - also important 'fabric cities,' and many other communities are identified with manufacturing woollens. Noted 'the West of England' fabrics is made mainly in Gloucestershire, where their manufacturing in city Stroud - a survival of the ancient industry once the general everywhere on the whole county. In Scotland there are two centres of the woollen industry. The first and the most important is in southeast Scotland where, in the Tweed valley (in Galashiels, Hawick, Jedburgh, etc.), well-known 'Scottish tweeds' are made. The second is in valley Teith (the Sterling, Bannockburn, etc.) . Once sheep who were pastured on heathlands , were the main delivery of raw materials for this industry in all Great Britain, but that time long passes now. Full annual import of a wool to the Great Britain makes approximately 750 000 pounds from which approximately one half is kept for the domestic industry. Two thirds of this import arrive from [90] Australia. Wool and wool number
Factories in sets of kingdom more than 2750. Value of the woollen goods made annually, makes approximately 250 000 000$ which is approximately one quarter of a full product of the world.
LINEN MANUFACTURING OF THE GREAT BRITAIN

Business of transportation of the United States is so distinguished and combined, that appropriate

Business of transportation of the United States is so distinguished and combined, that appropriate research of its freight rates and classifications would demand much more a place, than the subject in these lessons can be given.
XVIII. TRANSPORTATION PAPERS

Superfluous Fund

Superfluous Fund. It is not standard to pay the dividend than good interest. The profit remaining after expenses and dividends, is paid, financed to that name superfluous fund. This fund - the property of shareholders also is usually invested in good securities.

In any part of the world manufacturing, and trade has proceeded with such strict relation to

In any part of the world manufacturing, and trade has proceeded with such strict relation to conditions of economic manufacture and economic processing of the goods as in British isles. The empire free-trade policy resolves everywhere within its borders not simply national, but the international competition; and still it - only the truth to tell it everywhere where the Great Britain tries to sell to its goods abroad each nation and each community in world increases against it. Even its colonies against it. Its markets are opened for each trade, and still in almost each market in the world which it at all does not operate barriers, lifted against its trade. She in a condition to sell the goods in the foreign markets only because, despite these barriers, she in a condition to sell under the price more low than at all competitors in them, or to give the best value for the same money than they. Even when it receives the control of the new markets as it has in India, China, Egypt, the Western Africa, etc. She allows each nation to trade in these markets on exact the same terms as it trades in them. In the face of this international competition, therefore, industries of the Great Britain would stop to exist, if each condition promoting economy climatic manufacture of suitability, suitability of the cheap driving power, availability to cheap raw materials, and availability on natural and cheap means of transportation [86] - has not been exploited to
The biggest. But it only, that is done by the Great Britain. It really takes advantage to the biggest of the conditions promoting economy of manufacture; and it - why, to a certain extent anywhere has not tried yet in the world, it the industries in certain vicinities of approval.
NATURAL ABILITIES OF COMMUNITIES IN THE GREAT BRITAIN FOR SPECIAL INDUSTRIES

Agents who do transportation work by rail, are railway corporations

Agents who do transportation work by rail, are railway corporations. These 'legal bodies' [269] are created by these several states and entrusted
With work of services of the public nature. In all German states and substantially in many other things the European states, the governments provide transportation means by rail; but in the United States the property and management of railways are fairly regarded to be a problem sizes, than the administrative department of our government for the present in a condition to consult.

The second illustration shows, how the holder of the specific letter took its advantages

The second illustration shows, how the holder of the specific letter took its advantages. It gives names of banks to which it has presented the letter, and the quantity paid each.

At means of the clearing houses located in the centres of money and cooperation between banks in

At means of the clearing houses located in the centres of money and cooperation between banks in remote points, transfer of credits between business men has defined a site somewhere in the United States, or in this respect in the world, became rather simple question. If not the agency of this system for the big city could not be made business of unique day. All actual money in all banks and shops and safes and pockets of New York would fall today far short if is used to pay today"s transactions. It is considered, that cash transactions of unique day in fifty times more than the actual cash passing to other owner in one day. So that the big most part of business of the country, both cash and the credit, have been made on system [250]
From the credit passes made possible completely at means of our bank system.
FOOTNOTE:

[11] Part of a question of this lesson already has appeared partially I

[11] Part of a question of this lesson already has appeared partially I. From this book ('the General Business Information'), but it
Here repeated to keep communication.
IDENTIFICATION WHEN CHECKS ARE PAID

The check - the order concerning the money, the delayed themes who has funds in bank

The check - the order concerning the money, the delayed themes who has funds in bank. It is subject to payment on demand. Actually, it is the kind project ashore. Banks give checks without a sum designation to their clients, and it is very simple question to fill them properly. In writing in quantity begin in extremely left of a line.

Australia undoubtedly on the eve of the period of the big development

Australia undoubtedly on the eve of the period of the big development. Its resources, as is known, the huge. Its climate has been found by the most favorable concerning human health, and undesirable feature of a climate, and malfunctions of a downpour, have been studied and became understood and found . As soon as the confederation which is now in the course of formation [175], takes place, there is no doubt, that Australia will enter in new and
Succeeding commercial era. Owing to the fact, that its main possibilities of riches lay in development of its natural resources, it is probable, that during some time to arrive almost all goods of an industrial function which Australia requires, should be imported. Already its import makes 275 000 000$ which, of course, the Great Britain delivers the basic action. This import mainly dresses also materials for clothes, but it also includes hardware and cars, and actually all demanded by people very civilised and spending money, except grains and conditions. The size of this import can be comprehended from the fact, that it - is more than one third of full export of the United States within any year, save one to 1896, including our huge export of grains, conditions, and a clap. And besides export articles already the upom-wool, meat, disappears, skin, minerals, fruit, etc. There one other Australian resource which is capable to almost uncertain development. It is its wood. or a rubber tree some of its most general variants prevail almost universally in Australia, and, being and strong and insects, have almost incomparable value for shipbuilding, cross ties, and harbour and dock buildings. That Australians completely realise importance of development of their foreign trade, is noticed in efforts, which they have undertaken to provide services for this purpose, that they have brought their products to ocean ports. There are 11 980 miles of the railway, almost which each mile has been constructed by the governments. It is one mile of the railway for each 300 inhabitants, in comparison with one mile for each 400 inhabitants in the United States. These railways which operate completely to and from coast. There are no factory cities which will be . The Australian trade consists completely in [176]
Exchange of the natural products lifted by the house for imported . Equally remarkable with the enterprise of the railway of Australians their enterprise in cable building and establishment of cable communications. For example, the cable line of 2000 miles in length, on continent from Adelaide to Hold Darwin in a front rack, has been constructed by area of South Australia to connect to a cable from Port of Darwin to Java, Singapore, etc., and thus with Europe and America. At least for 1500 miles this cable line runs one of the most deserted and inaccessible areas in the world.
[177]
XI. TRADING FEATURES OF THE SOUTH AMERICA
THE SOUTH AMERICA, FERTILE CONTINENT WITH LACKS

One article of export which has the great value in our trade, is a clap

One article of export which has the great value in our trade, is a clap. Clap manufacture in the United States hugely. In a year it far does not require 5 000 000 000 pounds. It - possibly four times the quantity made on the whole globe in other place. Our export makes annually approximately 4,000,000,000 pounds, with a total cost approximately 240 000 000$. Our greatest competitors in the cotton markets in the world - Egypt and India. Export of a clap makes of Egypt 50 000 000$ annually. Export of a clap makes of India 45 000 000$ annually. At least one half of our export of a clap goes to the Great Britain. Our following greatest clients (that) Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and Russia. We send value for approximately 7 500 000$ annually to Japan, and value for 4 000 000$ annually to Canada. All our southeast states make [201] clap, but States which make it
Most it is a lot of (that) Texas (approximately one third whole), Georgia, , and Alabama. The area at in the whole country makes approximately 21 000 000 acres, which is approximately the one sixth area devoted to process grains, wheat, and oats, or one half of the area devoted to dry hay. Areas of the biggest cotton manufacture (1) 'basis Yazoo,' a strip on the left coast Mississipi, stretched from memphis to Vicksburg, and (2) top part of right coast Tombigbee. Productivity of a clap much more above in the United States, than it is in India, averaging not far except for 200 pounds for an acre, in comparison with less than 100 pounds in India. In India, however, the cotton crop has been grown up on the same soil the whole eternity whereas in the United States practice should replace with new soils old as soon as grain crops start to suffer failure. On the other hand, the cotton crop of the United States is much less in an acre than a crop in Egypt. There a crop in an acre from 300 pounds to 500 pounds. Means from this defect of productivity in our cotton crop in comparison with that from Egypt - fertilizer manure. Where fertilizer is properly visited by manure by our cotton crop, is comparable to Egypt. But a clap of Egypt better quality than the big weight of a cotton crop of the United States ('' has a cotton crop). On the other hand in low, flat islands near to coast of Georgia and South Carolina the clap version grows (a clap of 'sea island') which is the finest in the world, its fibres which are longest, the finest, and straightest, all cotton fibres made somewhere, and the most beautiful on appearance in weight. From this 'sea island' cotton value approximately three - four millions dollars is exported annually at price averaging from two and one quarter to two and three fourth times value to pound '' a clap. Great cotton ports of our country - (in an order [202] quantity of export) New Orleans, Galveston, Savanna, New York, Charleston,
Mobile, and Uilmingtonsky. Export of a new Anatto tree - approximately one third approximately one heel whole, and Galveston.
OUR MANUFACTURE AND EXPORT OF GRAINS

The European governments which had a property in Africa, all made all efforts to suppress slavish

The European governments which had a property in Africa, all made all efforts to suppress slavish movement. But they could not make very salutary steps to this management, not carrying out the power out of territorial limits which they as it was supposed, have occupied. Gradually, for these reasons, and also for the reason, that all of them aspired to expand their commercial business relations in Africa, they have started to carry out the power out of their old-fashioned territorial limits. Thus has begun establishment from the European nations of that is known as 'influence spheres' in Africa. In the first England and France there were unique nations which were in general active in an establishment of these spheres of influence. Later Germany and Italy and other nations have started to establish them also. Beginning, therefore, in the course of time, 1883 and 1884 there were the general establishment and gradual expansion of these spheres till now, the whole continent has been actually distributed among several European powers.
[159]
THE BIG DIVISION OF AFRICA
Division of Africa.

[21]

The note does not pull interest before the maturity termination if words with interest do not appear on the person
[21]
The note does not pull interest before the maturity termination if words with interest do not appear on the person. Notes pull interest after a maturity and is not paid yet, on legal norm.

With such letter the traveller could make a trip round the world and not have in its pocket at any

With such letter the traveller could make a trip round the world and not have in its pocket at any moment some more gold or silver or accounts, than it will be necessary to meet the operational expenditure.

Unlimited corporation of responsibility - in what shareholders are responsible as the partners,

Unlimited corporation of responsibility - in what shareholders are responsible as the partners, everyone for full debts.

Trade in import of Southern Africa while consists almost of all necessary inhabitants except meat,

Trade in import of Southern Africa while consists almost of all necessary inhabitants except meat, a flour, vegetables, and fruit as is not present for the present almost any . The basic export: (1) gold, 60 000 000$ in a year, including it from ; (2) diamonds, 22 500 000$; (3) wool, 12 500 000$; (4) mohairs, hair of the Angora goat, 3 000 000$; (5) ostrich feathers, more than 2 500 000$; (6) disappears also skin, 2 200 000$; and (7) copper ore, 1 250 000$. Export of wine and fruit for which manufacture to the country so well satisfy, and also grains, is insignificant.
SHIPMENT OF PORTS AND RAILWAYS OF SOUTHERN AFRICA

The third big textile manufacturing of the Great Britain - manufacturing of cloths

The third big textile manufacturing of the Great Britain - manufacturing of cloths. It is one manufacturing in which Ireland surpasses its sisterly kingdoms, England and Scotland. flax and rotation of a linen yarn were the domestic industries everywhere across all Ireland from time immemorial. But now the linen manufacturing industry of Ireland almost is completely concentrated in Belfast. In Scotland which now almost competitors Ireland in degree and its perfection linen , the industry is mainly located in Fifeshire and Forfarshire, especially in cities of Dundee and Dunfermline, last city which is becoming famous very of it napery and table linen. A cloth as the clap, demands a specific atmospheric condition of temperature, and humidity for its manufacturing, and only in few vicinities the linen industry successfully established. The total cost of annual linen manufacturing of the Great Britain makes 100 000 000$.
OTHERS TEXTILE MANUFACTURING OF THE GREAT BRITAIN

[3] As the aforementioned has been written, the scheme has been developed very considerable way to

[3] As the aforementioned has been written, the scheme has been developed very considerable way to end. The name
The confederation should be 'Commonwealth of Australia.'
AREA AND CLIMATE OF AUSTRALIA